Formulation and evaluation of facial patch containing phyllanthus emblica extract nanoliposomes

Abstract

Phyllanthus emblica L. (P. emblica) was known as mak-kham-pom in Thailand and it was in Euphorbiaceae family. Firstly, it has been used as the medicinal plant in India because it has many benefits in biological effects including anti-oxidant activity, anti-tyrosinase activity, anti-microbial activity and protection against radiation-induced chromosome damage. In this study, different ratios of soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) to Tween®80 of liposomal membrane were formulated and the best formula that gives the highest percent encapsulation efficiency of P. emblica extract was selected to be an active ingredient for preparing the facial patch. The highest percent encapsulation efficiency was 50.56% obtained from nanoliposome formulation in the ratio of 5:1 SPC: Tween®80 containing 1% w/v of P. emblica extract with the mean particle sizes of 566.67+43.50 nm. The facial patch containing P. emblica extract nanoliposomes was developed. The backing layer of the facial patch composed of 2.5% w/v PVA as a film forming agent and the plasticizer was 1% w/v glycerin. The active ingredient was 1% P. emblica extract nanoliposomes. This facial patch provided the most satisfactory mechanical properties of 40.30±4.32 MPa tensile strength, 37.32±5.31% elongation, 246.10±12.21 MPa Young’s modulus, and 2.13±2.3 MJ work of failure, the physical appearance of thin film was transparent. In the diffusion study, more than 99% P. emblica extract was released from nanoliposomes in facial patch within 6 hours. Clinical tests of moisturizing and elasticity were performed in 21 volunteers using Skin Diagnostic SD 27 and DermaLab® Elasticity probe instrument to measure moisture content and elasticity on the forehead area. The moisture contents were increased and Young’s modulus were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) resulted in the improvement of elasticity of the skin after 4 weeks of application. Macroscopic photograph was also taken to evaluate and corresponded to these results.